Tidal beacons

My granddaughter, Summer, and niece, Rachel, obviously enjoying one of the fourteen tidal beacons between Coney Island and the county Sligo mainland

Before you ask, no, I made up the term tidal beacon. I'm not even sure that its accurate and if anyone has any better suggestions, please let me know.

According to Mrs Wikipedia, there are three tidal islands in Ireland, which she lists as Omey Island in Galway, Coney Island in Sligo and Inishkeel in Donegal. I have visited all three and can confirm they can all only be walked to when the tide is low. Coney is my favourite because it has a pub.

Off the top of my head, I can think of three more - Shenick Island off the coast of Skerries in county Dublin; Feenish or Finnis Island near Carna; and, a bit doubtfully, Mutton Island in county Clare, to where, I am told, it is possible to walk roughly once every twenty years at super-low tide, with the water up to your shoulders. I am sure there must be more but the top of my head is very crowded at the moment. (I'm not counting any number of the mythical islands off the west coast which only appear every seven years and some of them have a causeway to them from the mainland.)

Photo by Aidan Behan

Anyway, two of the above have beacons or navigational aids to show you the way across and to deter you from wandering off the safest route. These are what I call tidal beacons. Coney Island, above, has fourteen limestone pillars leading out over the Cummeen Tidal Strand. This part of the strand is known as Dorrin's, or Dorran's Strand, after Coney Island landowner, William Dorrin, or Dorran, who was drowned one night by the inrushing tide while crossing the sand.

The pillars, or beacons, built in 1845, had steps cut into them, which was a great piece of forward thinking, as many lives were saved by people hopping up on the step like Summer in the picture on top and holding onto to the metal rings that once adorned them. Or else, they simply sat on the top of them.

According to Sligo historian, Adrian O'Neill, a gravel road was built alongside the pillars in 1891. This showed lightly less forward-thinking as the gravel was either washed away or became obliterated by the sand. 

Detail from the last edition OS map

The tidal beacons on Omey Island are much less impressive, although the sand underfoot is much firmer and dries out quicker, as there is a longer window of opportunity to get across and back. Basically, these beacons are simply glorified road signs and possess no historical or architectural merit. And they'd be pretty tricky to hang on to in an emergency. Incidentally, that's more of my family in the centre of the picture, Brenda, my sister-in-law, Monica, my wife, and Dave, my brother-in-law. Photo taken from the island looking back over to the mainland.

Inishkeel in Donegal has no markers. You simply walk out from Portnoo beach at low-tide, maybe having to take the shoes and socks off for a ten yard paddle in the middle. Shenick, I've heard, is a mad dash, with just a two hour window but you have to wear some sort of footwer as you walk on mussel beds. 
Feenish is a bit wetter, possibly up to your knees if you can find a good route. Neither it nor Shenick has beacons. And nobody in their right mind would attempt Mutton Island in county Clare, not to be confused with Mutton Island in Galway, which has the lighthouse.

However, although no further tidal islands spring to mind, there are two more tidal beacons on my list, from county Donegal.

Carraig Airt (anglicised as Carrigart or Carrickart) is a village at the foot of the Rossguill peninsula, one of the most beautiful areas of an already beautiful county Donegal. Slightly further north and west is the townland of Rosapenna. With both lying at the very southern end of Mulroy Bay, the area between them dries out at low tide and it is possible to walk between the two. The route is even shown on the 1st edition OS map!!

Anyway, despite this 'roadway,' people kept on losing their way and drowning, particularly at night, so, like Coney, the locals went down the route of marking the path with beacons. However, unlike Coney, they only built two, one at either end of the walk. And, according to the Buildings of Ireland website, it seems that these could have been lit at night to guide the weary traveller home.

This is the beacon at Carraig Airt. These days it is situated on a new waterfront. Although it dates back to around 1910, it is suggested that it replaced some other marker. The light fitting, they say, is modern, but it originally had an older light fitting.

For some reason, Buildings of Ireland doesn't mention the corresponding beacon on the Rosapenna shore, which seems to be an exact replica of the one at the other end.

Ballycurrin revisted

 

For some reason, both my wife and I have a dislike of travelling through Galway to get to the other side. We both prefer to spend an extra 30 minutes driving up north to Headford and then skirting the northern shore of Lough Corrib, which was good for me on our week-long holiday to the wescht as Ireland's only inland lighthouse, Ballycurrin, was more or less en route.

I was quite shocked to learn that it was thirteen years since I was last here. On that occasion, due to the wetness, I reneged on crossing the slippy rocks that guard the lighthouse but this time we were blessed by warm sunshine. 

Unslippy rocks

There were a few other people around - a family going kayaking on the still waters, two lads fishing under the tower and a group of friends picknicking opposite.

I never noticed the dry stone-walling at the bottom of the tower. Seems a bit dodge asking it to support a stone tower but its still standing after 250 years, so what do I know? That said, there were calls last year for Mayo and Galway county councils to stump up a bit of money for repairs. The railing near the top is somewhat loose, though the rest of it looks solid enough. I wonder if this lighthouse counts as one that I've been in the lantern room of?

There are two many theories as to why Sir Henry Lynch decided to build a 22-foot lighthouse here. The first is that he needed a marker so the provisions dealer would be able to find his way to Ballycurrin House, where he lived. Apparently the older people in the locality maintain it was built by his wife so Sir Henry would be able to find his way home after a night on the lash in Cong or Galway.

The above picture, which I didn't see, is from the Buildings of Ireland website, which prefers to place a much later (1847) date on the tower. I quote: -

A lakeshore "lighthouse" erected by Charles Lynch DL (d. 1897) representing an important component of the mid nineteenth-century built heritage of south County Mayo. NOTE: Although traditionally cited as a late eighteenth-century "improvement" of the Ballycurrin House estate, quoting a date stone ("1772") on the adjacent boathouse, the "lighthouse" does not appear on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey (surveyed 1838; published 1840) and an accompanying date stone ("1847") indicates a period of construction coinciding with the height of the Great Famine (1845-9).

The stone steps are not conjoined and spiral one half turn around the tower to the doorway at the top. If the council does decide to renovate, you can bet your bottom dollar there'll be warning signs all over the place. Although the steps look dangerous, there actually not, on a dry day anyway, as you can't really put your leg through the gaps. They might be slippy when wet and if you tripped forward going up them you could probably give your shin a nasty bang if you tried.

The feature of the lighthouse, whether it was built in 1772, or as a famine project in 1847, is the big millstone that constitutes the roof. I'm pretty sure there's not another one like it in Ireland. No idea what the point of it was. Would it not let the rain in to dowse the fire? 

The lighthouse scuppered by common sense

 

OS map of Clew Bay. Clare Island is middle left; Achillbeg is top left; Old Head is bottom middle; Westport bottom right; Inishgort just to the right of the Y in Clew Bay; Newport just off map top right.

Kudos for this article very much goes to the wonderful Dr. Michael M. O'Connor who is the supreme authority on all things historical in Mayo, who first posted this wonderful little tale, which was later reproduced in the Mayo Advertiser on July 27th 2023.
It may be difficult to contemplate but in 1797 the lighthouse at Loop Head was the only official light on the west coast of Ireland. I suspect there were many unofficial lights - from braziers atop towers to simple coal-burning fires on headlands but our knowledge of them is limited to an odd throwaway sentence here and there.
The appalling toll on shipping (and, to a lesser extent, human life) on the dark coasts of Ireland led to calls from shipowners and merchants to light up the coast, particularly in places where sea-going commerce ventured, such as Galway, Westport and Sligo. Which, in turn, led to surveys being carried out to determine the best places to put these lights, at the Government's expense.
According to one James M. O'Donnel in the Dublin Evening Post of 18th March 1797, in an open letter to the 'Merchants and Insurance Companies in Great Britain and Ireland,' the Clew Bay coast had already been surveyed by the Rt. Hon. Burton Conyngham and the Royal Navy's Lt. Drury. O'Donnel says that he has reason to believe that Achillbeg or Blackrock were the locations recommended to the Government for a lighthouse to be erected. (This was very insightful of the two gentlemen surveyors, as lighthouses were indeed erected on both locations in 1965 and 1864 respectively)

John Hamilton photo of Clare Island lighthouse. The original light was in the smaller tower capped by the black roof. It was accidentally burnt down by Reilly, the first keeper, and a temporary light was exhibited until the higher tower was built a few years later. The white dot on the hillside behind is Achillbeg lighthouse

However, JMo says, with astonishment dripping from every word he writes, that he has recently read that the Government's Committee of Supply has voted a sum of £2,650 to be expended on the construction of a lighthouse "on the Old Head, Clare Bay." (I have been unable to find this source)
Now, JMo had got onto Google Maps and couldn't find an Old Head in Clare Bay and surmised that the application was meant to refer to the Old Head in Clew Bay (aka Newport-Pratt Bay) near Clare Island. If he was right, and he was as sure as shite he was, the Old Head, which had many attractive attributes, such as a beautiful sandy beach and a bit of a quay, was a ridiculous place to build a lighthouse because the beam would be blocked by Clare Island and would not be seen by ships arriving by sea. It would be great, he said, for boats sailing over from Clare Island itself, but was spending £2,650 on this be good value for money? You might as well, he said, coining a phrase still in use today, build a lighthouse in the Bog of Allen.
He also went on to infer that certain people knew all this but had personal reasons for the project to go ahead. And that the 'clerical error' of the wrong address was, in fact, a deliberate ploy to deter objections until after the lighthouse was built. (One can imagine the Earl of Murrisk, or whoever it was, throwing off his mask and yelling "I'd have got away with it if it hadn't been for you pesky O'Donnels" as he was led away in handcuffs)
Needless to say, a lighthouse never adorned the Old Head. The Marquess of Sligo built a lighthouse on Clare Island in 1806 (to guide ships into Clew Bay) and another around the same time on Inishgort to mark the way through the long sandy bar that blocked the way to Westport. After only 159 years, they realised that the light on Clare Island was too high and replaced it with Achillbeg, as had been advised pre-1797.

Totally gratuitous photo of Inishgort lighthouse in Clew, not Clare, Bay, included here simply because it is one of my favourites

James Moore O'Donnel was the second son of Sir Neal O'Donnel who owned Burrishoole, the area around the eastern end of Clew Bay including both Newport and Westport. He was the Commander of the Newport Pratt Cavalry and a staunch loyalist. He lost his life in 1806 in a duel with the extremely unlovely Major Denis Bingham by the shores of Enniscrone in county Sligo. According to one tale, not only was O'Donnel lame and blind in one eye, but Bingham fired before the word was given and shot him through the heart.

I will arise and go now, and go to Inishnee

Inishnee (Inis Ní) lies across the water from Roundstone in Connemara. A bridge joins it to the mainland at its northernmost point and it had a population of 43 in 2011, most of them in the two northerly sections of the island. In fact, if water levels rise, it will turn into three separate islands, as only two very narrow strips of land are currently holding it together.
The road on the island begins at the bridge and finishes about a third of the way down the southern section. It is a lovely place for a looped walk but at 7am in the morning, I was more concerned about reaching the lighthouse at the southern end of the island.

I suspect that the same people who would deny Inishnee's insularity because it is connected by a bridge would also deny that it has a lighthouse because it is a concrete hut. But, as I have said many times in the past, you don't disown your children just because they are ugly.

I have no idea if my early morning route to the lighthouse is the easiest way. There may well be a trail down the western shore of the third section. The third section has one large hill in the centre of it  whereas the base of the lighthouse is only around 5 meters above sea level. 
I decided to drive to the end of the road and walk from there. I wore my hiking boots and had a stick, both of which I needed. From the end of the road, I walked south down the bridle path and then turned right. Hopping over a wooden fence I then turned left and upwards. I could see the black water tank on the summit of the hill and made for that. There were a couple of places where the fence had no barbed wire on top, so I precariously crossed the fence there.
At the top, I could see the lighthouse down below southwards, so I made for it in a straight line. Unfortunately, on the crest, the incline of the descent was a little too steep for my liking, so I turned eastwards until the incline flattened out a bit. I'd say roughly 25 minutes from the car to lighthouse.

The lighthouse is in Russ Rowlett's lighthouse directory and there is little information on the web about it outside of Russ's notes. It was erected in 1961 although there was a light established on the station back in 1910. The height of the tower is 4m (13ft) and the lights are 9m (30ft) above mean high water. There are white, green and red lights flashing twice every ten seconds. The white light has a range of 5nm, while the red and green reach 3nm. The Lighthouse Digest site adds the info that the first light was an iron tower.

The sectors of the light are shown above from eOceanic.  I'm taking it that the yellow sector is the white sector. The battery system, said a 1962 report, required only a battery change at intervals of 15 to 18 months. Incidentally, the 1917 British Pilot Guide for 1917 lists only a white and a red sector. And I can confirm the three sets of lights, situated on three sides of the roof of the building are operational:  -

That 1961 was the year of establishment of the current light is actually doubtful, despite the fact that I cannot find a Notice to Mariners. The Connaught Tribune of 9th December 1961 says that, despite the bad weather, work was progressing at the lighthouse. The same paper on Saturday January 20th 1962 says the new type of battery-system lighthouse at Inishnee was turned on for the first time on Monday night, which would have been the 15th January 1962. Of course, newspaper reports are not carved in stone, unlike the inscription at the foot at the southern-facing side of the light.

I'm presuming the date refers to when the tower was finished.
We have seen that the first light was established on the southern point of the island in 1910 and that it had a white and a red sector. The British Pilot for 1917 adds that the lights came from an white pillar. Lighthouse Digest says they came from an iron tower. I am therefore taking it that the first structure, for which I have been unable to source a photograph, was a white, iron pillar-tower. What I did discover on my visit was the remains of something that had been bolted to the rock just to the south of the light. It would have been quite a thin pillar if they were the pillar-tower's foundations.

It seems as though the upkeep of the lighthouse was part of the job of being harbour master at Roundstone.

The old lighthouse was run on paraffin oil, which makes you wonder how he serviced the two islands. He must have taken a boat out but surely he didn't do that every evening and every morning!! Deer Island or Croaghnakeela is a good way south of Inishnee and was replaced at the same time as her sister. I'm presuming the harbour master ran his boat up on the shingly beach 100 yards from the light. But I could be wrong.

The Tribune in January 1962 announced that Mr Joe King, Roundstone harbourmaster, had been reappointed lightkeeper at Inishnee and Deer Island, although obviously the work was much reduced. I wonder if he was anything to the Ballyconneely Kings who had the boat tender at Slyne Head. I wonder also if he was any relation to the Joe King who currently runs King's Bar in Roundstone - 'a fiver a pint but don't tell anyone.' Its not a name you forget.

Of course, the current light is run on solar power.

The little step near the door of the lighthouse, as former keepers will know, is to hold a ladder without it slipping, so a second person doesn't have to stand on the bottom rung to hold it steady. There are two eyelets on the roof (see top photo) which must be to secure the ladder at the top. From this, we can surmise that a) the ladder is kept inside the hut - the attendant would hardly bring it with him and b) that the servicing of the lights is done from without rather than within. Though, judging by the rust on the lock, I doubt it gets serviced very often.

The light facing west, Roundstone behind and a couple of the Twelve Pins to the right.

From the shoreline facing northeast

From the northeast. I think this photo shows that, even though sceptics may deride the ugliness of the subject matter, its setting, together with its history, makes the trip worthwhile.

A worthless idle villain

The square tower built on the original cottage style lighthouse in 1796

There has been a lighthouse on the Copeland Islands, on the southern entrance to Belfast Lough from at least 1733, and maybe as early as 1711. It has, of course, not been the same lighthouse, nor has it even been on the same island but, such was the litany of wrecks on those three small islands and outlying rocks, that it was decided very early on that they should be lit.

Plan of the first Copeland Island lighthouse, taken from Douglas Haig and Rosemary Christie's 'Lighthouses - their architecture, history and archaeology'

The lighthouse on Cross Island (the middle island), which soon became known as Lighthouse Island – for reasons that I can’t fathom – was built by convicts and was established around 1711 or 1715 or 1733. At this time, lighthouses were cottages with a brazier on the roof. It seems that the cottage here had a bit of a square tower on it, from which coal was burned at night, roughly 400 tons a year. It served the area  until science, in the form of oil lamps, made it redundant. It was replaced in 1796 by extending to forty feet, the tower of the original cottage. Instead of the unreliable and impractical coal, the light was powered by burning six circular-wick lamps.

Griffiths Valuation map of the outer two Copeland Islands

In 1810, the Revenue Commissioners, who had only been operating the lighthouses as a sideline, handed over control to the Ballast Board of Dublin. Suddenly new lighthouses sprang up all around Ireland and old lighthouses were revamped. A new circular lighthouse tower, fifty two feet high, was built next to the old one, and the old tower was dismantled until only a stump remained. This new light was now 131 feet above high water and visible for sixteen miles. It was established in 1815.

And thus it remained, until they finally twigged that it would be better to have the light on the outermost of the islands, rather than on the middle one. And so the Mew Island lighthouse was born in 1884 and the tower on Cross Island truncated.

The circular 1815 light tower and the 1796 square tower

But we'll go back in time to 1772, when Finn's Leinster Journal's 18th November edition appeared. This would have been at the time of the first, small, square tower, from which a fire blazed every night.

Or should have.

In 1744, Walter Harris brought out his best-seller, The Antient (sic) and Present State of the County of Down, in which he describes Cross Island in some detail: -

It was a shame of course that Walter doesn't name the family. I wonder if it was the same family that occupied the island and tended the light 28 years later?

In November 1782, according to Finn, the sloop, Lady Loup, from Tarbert in Scotland, was lost off the Copelands and eight of the eleven crew drowned. The three survivors earnestly requested that it may be published, for the welfare and safety of others who may depend on a light being kept on the Copeland Island, that the want of such a light was the cause of their destruction; for that, when they had run the distance of it, there was no light to be seen, and they became thereby totally at a loss what course to steer. They beg of the Magistrates and other rulers of that light-house, to remove forever out of the Copeland Island, the present lightman, his friends, family and effects, he being a worthless, idle villain. 

Remains of the 1815 circular lighthouse on Cross Island

James Crawford sent me this photo of himself on the steps of the 1815 lighthouse many moons ago. James has actually spent a lifetime working on Belfast Lough in one capacity or another.